Renewables are an increasingly important source of energy as countries seek to reduce their CO2 emissions and dependence on imported fossil fuels. Renewables are mainly used to generate electricity, though renewable technologies can also be used for heating in homes and buildings. Renewable biofuels are also an emerging technology solution to decarbonise parts of the transport sector.
Note thatmodern renewablesexcludes traditional uses of biomass, such as burning collected wood, agricultural byproducts or dung for cooking or heating. This has serious negative consequences on health and the environment, including contributing to millions of deaths annually from air pollution, and is targeted for phase-out in international development and climate goals and in the IEA''s Net Zero scenario.
Biofuels, mostly made from plants, and waste products, such as household trash and industrial wastes, can be burned to generate electricity or heat. This can have environmental and climate advantages compared to burning fossil fuels, though the impact varies widely depending on the fuel source and how it is used. Traditional uses of biomass for heating and cooking, which remain a major source of energy in many developing countries, are targeted for phase-out in international climate goals and IEA scenarios.
Biofuels are used in all parts of the energy system: as replacement for oil-based fuels in transportation, to generate electricity, for heating buildings, or to provide heat for industrial processes.
Renewables such as solar panels, wind turbines and hydroelectric dams generate electricity without burning fuels that emit greenhouse gases and other pollutants. As the costs of solar panels and wind turbines have fallen dramatically in recent years, renewables now represent the cheapest source of new electricity generation in many parts of the world.
Renewables also have an important role in providing heat for buildings and industrial processes. To achieve decarbonisation and energy saving objectives, many countries are encouraging individual homes and buildings to shift from fossil fuel heating systems such as gas- or oil-fired boilers to systems like heat pumps which are much more efficient and can be powered with electricity from low-carbon sources. However, in areas that rely on heating from centralised heat plants or combined heat and power (CHP) plants, burning biofuels and waste products can provide a lower-carbon alternative to fossil fuels. Geothermal heating can also provide renewable, low-carbon heat but is only feasible in specific locations with the right kind of volcanic or tectonic activity.
Renewable heat sources have made fewer inroads in industry, as many important industrial processes such as steelmaking require higher heat than renewable fuels can achieve. New techniques and technologies will be needed to decarbonise these areas.
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Opening remarks by the UN Resident Coordinator to the Islamic Republic of Iran
Global Energy Transition: A Necessary Shift
The world is at a pivotal moment. As countries face increasing climate challenges, renewable energy has become more than just an option; it is THE key solution for sustainable development and a core component of long-term economic growth can reverse and end pollution, meet growing energy demands, and connect billions of people to affordable power and electricity.But it also presents a tremendous economic opportunity, promising to be a trillion-dollar business.
Hence renewable energy is no longer a niche sector, but has registered record breaking growth since 2020 and has become a dominant part of the global energy mix.Renewable energy sources are abundant and increasingly cheaper, healthier, and more job-creating compared to fossil fuels. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 90% of the world''s electricity can come from renewable energy by 2050 – that is only in 25 years.
Iran has immense potential in this area, particularly in solar and wind energy. With its rich natural resources and geographic advantages, Iran is well-positioned to become a leader in renewable energy in the region an is estimated to have a potential to generate 20,000 MW in terms of wind power alone. And nearly 300 days of sun in the year indicate enormous solar power potential.But realizing this potential requires bold action and a coordinated effort from all sectors.
It is acknowledged that Iran faces also challenges that complicate this transition. The availability of heavily subsidized hydrocarbons has, in many ways, stifled the growth of renewables by making fossil fuels economically attractive in the short term. Moreover, sanctions present challenges for foreign investment and limit access to crucial technology, financing, and partnerships.
Yet, despite these obstacles, I believe Iran has the capacity and the determination to turn challenges into opportunities.
According to the Seventh Progress Plan, Iran aims to increase its renewable energy capacity to 12,000 megawatts and produce 21,000 million kilowatt-hours of renewable electricity by 2028. SATBA''s Vision 2031 aims to increase renewable energy power production to 30,000 MW. While over 80% of Iran''s electricity is currently generated from thermal sources, Iran is well positioned to source more of its national energy supply from renewable sources.
Today, we gather to explore how we can accelerate this transition, leveraging Iran''s unique strengths to enhance renewable energy supply and consumption across the country.
Opportunities for Change: Towards a Greener Future
As already mentioned we need to recognize that shifting to renewable energy is not just an environmental imperative but also an economic one. The global energy transition offers Iran a chance to diversify its energy portfolio, reduce its dependency on fossil fuels, and create new jobs in a growing sector. Renewable energy has the potential to unlock long-term economic stability, attract investment, and protect the country from fluctuations in global oil and gas markets.
Global Best Practices and the Role of Partnerships
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