Solid waste becomes a major source of electricity in a cost-effective energy transition, rising from 0.81% in 2023 to 9.44% by 2053 under the 20% growth rate, then to 39.67% under the 30% growth . Contact online >>
Solid waste becomes a major source of electricity in a cost-effective energy transition, rising from 0.81% in 2023 to 9.44% by 2053 under the 20% growth rate, then to 39.67% under the 30% growth
Low-carbon electricity or low-carbon power is electricity produced with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions over the entire lifecycle than power generation using fossil fuels. [ citation needed ] The energy transition to low-carbon power is one of the most important actions required to limit climate change .
This paper summarizes the pathways of China''s low carbon economy including the aspects of energy, industry, low carbon cities, circular economy and low carbon technology, afforestation and carbon sink, the carbon emission trading market and carbon emission reduction targets.
This paper focuses on the low-carbon economic operation of the integrated energy system under carbon trading mechanism in China. The integrated energy system includes the energy storage, ground source heat pump, and other equipment. The objective of this paper was to minimize the annual total cost of the system considering the carbon trading
Carbon pricing instruments, such as emission trading schemes (ETS) and carbon tax, are expected to incentivize the transition toward low-emission energy systems. By 2021, there are 64 carbon pricing instruments in place covering 21.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is a considerable growth.
Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( ) or https:// means you''ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Received 2020 Apr 26; Accepted 2020 Jun 4; Issue date 2020 Jun.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
Keywords: low-carbon economy, solar energy, environment, emission, development
This paper will examine the pathway towards a low-carbon economy by solar energy in China. There are mainly two different solar energy technologies, solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar water heaters (SWH), in china. Based on REN21''s 2017 report, renewable energy has contributed 19.3% to humanity''s global energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption can be further divided into 8.9% from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% from hydroelectricity and the remaining 2.2% from electricity from wind, solar, geothermal and other forms of biomass.
For the past 200 years, fossil fuel has been used as the main energy driver for the growth and development of economies. The role of fossil fuel in growth and development has been well documented by researchers of long-term history as well as of modern day economic drivers of growth [13,14,15,16]. The main goal of modern energy sources for economic development are to give easy access to affordable, sustainable and modern energy sources [17]. Therefore, the main emphasis is on the creation and adoption of energy sources with low-carbon emissions, so that the natural environment is not harmed by them.
Solar energy is renewable energy, and it is also a kind of no-carbon energy. Everyone can use the energy without paying fees, and there is no need to transport solar energy [29]. Solar energy comes from the radiations of sun, and people can use this energy to produce heat and electricity [30].
The solar energy industry is mainly focused ton two fields: the solar energy heat utilization industry and the solar photovoltaic industry [31]. Solar energy is a kind of clean resource which can reach the requirements of a low-carbon economy, because when using solar energy there are no pollutants being released into the environment [32]. In China, 70% of all energy is sourced from coal, which leads to high carbon emissions [33]. Solar energy can replace fossil resource energy. As the rural population is large, the solar water heater can be widely used in the rural areas in China so that a significant amount of carbon emission can be reduced [34].
There is abundant solar energy in China. In most parts of China, the amount of solar radiation is more than 4 kwh (kilowatt hours) per square meter every day, and in some areas this amount is 9 kwh per square meter per day [35]. The average number of sunshine hours in different cities is variable. According to Table 1, the average daily sun shine hours are greatest in Lhasa, with 6.70 h, and is smallest in Guiyang, with 2.84 h. Solar energy covers all the land of China, so it is easy to collect solar energy in any part of China [5,36].
Environmental benefits of a solar water heater per m2.
Economic benefit growth of the solar water heater industry between 2006 and 2010.
Employment in the solar water heater industry between 2006 and 2010.
In the microscopic view of the solar water heater industry, a cost–benefit analysis can be performed in the small family range. Assume that a family of two people buys a water heater. If they choose a solar water heater, the costs of the solar water heater are the purchase price, maintenance fees and water fees. The benefits of a solar water heater are the environmental benefits and economic benefits [45].
Present value of the total costs of using a solar water heater.
Apart from the costs of the solar water heater, the environmental benefits can be calculated on a monetary basis. The environmental benefit of reducing the emission of CO2 is the largest. Table 7 shows that the total annual environmental benefit is 264.48 yuan for this solar water heater. The present value of the total environmental benefit is 2589.67 yuan, as shown in Table 8.
Total annual environmental benefits of using a solar water heater.
Source: Huo [44].
Present value of the total environmental benefits of using a solar water heater.
About 16 kWh low-carbon economy
As the photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to evolve, advancements in 16 kWh low-carbon economy have become critical to optimizing the utilization of renewable energy sources. From innovative battery technologies to intelligent energy management systems, these solutions are transforming the way we store and distribute solar-generated electricity.
When you're looking for the latest and most efficient 16 kWh low-carbon economy for your PV project, our website offers a comprehensive selection of cutting-edge products designed to meet your specific requirements. Whether you're a renewable energy developer, utility company, or commercial enterprise looking to reduce your carbon footprint, we have the solutions to help you harness the full potential of solar energy.
By interacting with our online customer service, you'll gain a deep understanding of the various 16 kWh low-carbon economy featured in our extensive catalog, such as high-efficiency storage batteries and intelligent energy management systems, and how they work together to provide a stable and reliable power supply for your PV projects.
