Automotive battery wikipedia

（：electric-vehicle battery,：EVB）。

,。,（）．,。Li-NMC,（LFP）,202341 %^{[1]^{:85。,,。（Na-ion）,^[2]。}}

,2019 (2019-：""。)

2023750 GWh^{[1]。、。202321123 kWh,80 kWh^{[4]^[5]。}}

2024,（LIB）（（Li-NMC）、（LFP）Li-NCA（：Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides）}}）。20232000 GWh,GWh。,202345 %^{[1]^{:17。,。（）。,,、、。,（SWCNT）,、,^{[6] ^[7]。}}}

150-220 kWh^{[10]165 kWh (sales avg 2023)^{[1]^:166}}

210 ^{[11]90-160 kWh^{[10]135 kWh (sales avg 2023)^{[1]^:166}}}

130^[1]

105$^[1]

87 ^[19]

40-80（2034）^{[19]^{[22]8-10^[23]}}

（）^{[8]^:26}

,2010。,。Li-NMC,,,^{[27]。Li-NMC、、SEI,。,。}

（LFP）NMC,、,^{[28],。2023,,10%.^{[1]^:86。。}}

（LTO）,[]],^{[29]。LTO^{[30],,^{[31]。^[32]。}}}

^{[33]。,,。2024^{[2] 。、^[34]。}}

,。、,。,1996EV1。：（）,（：Deep-cycle battery）,^{[35]。,,。50%,^{[36]。,,。,130 km（81 mi）。}}

（NiMH）（：mature technology）^{[37]。（60–70%）,30–80 Wh/kg,。,,NiMH Toyota RAV4 EV（：Toyota RAV4 EV）,100,000（160,000）。、,。,。}

GM Ovonic,EV-1,Cobasys（：Cobasys）（1.2 V 85 Ah NiMH,Ovonic）。EV-1^{[38]。（：Patent encumbrance of large automotive NiMH batteries）。}

Zebra,（NaAlCl4）。Zebra, 120 Wh/kg。,,,。ZebraModec^{[39]。Zebra1000,。Zebra（<300 W/kg）,270 °C（518 °F）,,,^[40]。}

2010,,25 kWh（US$400/kWh）^{[42]。,^{[43]。2010,^[42]。}}

2010,1,700/·,-102.0 kWh,PHEV-408 kWh,PHEV-103,000,PHEV-1014,000^{[44]^{[45]。2020225500^{[46]。201320071,300/kWh2012500/kWh。,2015300/kWh,2022125/kWh。,^{[47]。201641.57 GW⋅h^[48]。}}}}

,,。2015：2016,145/kWh,。2021100/kWh^[49]。

（BNEF）20162,201065%,2015,35%,350/kWh。,,。BNEF2040,22,000（2016）。BNEF2030120/kWh,,^{[50]^[51]。}

Poul Norby2010,,,2010US$500/kWh,US$100/kWh^{[52]。US$230/kWh。}

Prius 201221（13）,5.2 kWh,4（2.5）/kWh,Addax（2015）110（68.5）,7.5（4.6）/kWh.^[53]。

5（8.0）/kWh。（）,33%,50 MPGe,12 kWh50（80）,240。

40200812000,20153600,20201500^{[54]^{[55]。,、、。}}

。,（）。2015,,,,。

Kammen2008,US$1300/kWhUS$500/kWh,（）^[56]。

2010,US$18,000^{[57]。,US$750/kWh（24 kWh）^[57]。}

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