In this guide, we will be using the equipment that is listed below. This equipment list includes everything you''ll need for a simple 100 watt to 200 watt solar power system. You can also use this guide to get a better understanding of solar power systems for building larger systems or different variations. When completed, you will be able to charge a battery to power your devices.
Solar Panel System DiagramTechReviewer
Solar panels are made of many solar cells (photovoltaic cells), most often made from crystalline silicon. These cells take in energy from the sun''s rays, converted through the semiconductor, creating an electric field that transfers voltage and current. Solar panels connect to the charge controller to regulate the voltage and current produced by the panel.
Charge controllers are used to regulate the voltage and current coming from the solar panels to prevent overcharging your battery.
Batteries are used for storing the energy produced by your solar panels. The battery is wired between your power inverter and the charge controller. Never connect your power inverter and the charge controller directly without a battery between the two.
Power inverters are used to convert the battery''s power (DC - direct current) into electricity used for powering your devices (AC - alternating current). Power inverters have an outlet on the device.
Fuses are used to protect the wiring and devices from overcurrent. Fuses usually go on the closest point of the positive connection from your battery to the power inverter. You can also put fuses elsewhere in your system for protection, like an MC4 fuse for going between your solar panel and charge controller. You can find MC4 Fuses on Amazon .
Branch connectors are used to merge the cables coming from multiple solar panels to your charge controller.
Here''s a list of our recommended equipment needed for a complete solar power system setup. If you want a different setup variation, see our other articles to help with determining what equipment you will need based on your needs.
If this list doesn''t include what you are looking for, you can also find more of our recommended solar panel equipment below.
Solar Starter Kit: Renogy 100W 12V Monocrystalline Solar Starter Kit With 20A Charge Controller on Amazon Renogy 100W 12V Monocrystalline Solar Starter Kit With 20A Charge Controller
Battery: 12V 100AH Lithium Battery on Amazon 12V 100AH Lithium Battery
You will also need a bolt/nut/washer to attach the bolt-on fuse to the cable. You can buy these at a local hardware store.
Solar Panel (optional, if you need more power): Single Renogy 100W 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel on Amazon Renogy 100 W Monocrystalline Solar Panel
The solar panel system diagram above will give you an idea of the general setup of your system. It''s important to follow the steps in order below so that you don''t damage any of your equipment.
Be sure to follow the solar power safety and tips before continuing.
Connect both of the tray cables to your charge controller''s positive (+) and negative (-) battery inputs (battery icon).
You will need to program the charge controller to support/charge lithium batteries if you bought a lithium battery. You can find how to do this in the instructions of your charge controller.
Get the other end of the tray cable that''s coming from the negative (-) battery input on the charge controller. Connect this cable to the negative side (black / -) of the battery.
Get the other side of the negative battery inverter cable (black) that''s coming from the power inverter. Connect this cable to the negative (- / black) side of the battery.
Connect the black wire from the battery capacity monitor to the negative side (black / -) of the battery.
Tighten the bolt on the battery''s negative (black / -) side that''s connecting the cables.
Get the other end of the tray cable that''s coming from the positive (+) battery input on the charge controller. Connect this cable to the positive side (+ / red) of the battery.
Tighten the bolt on the battery''s positive (+ / red) side that''s connecting the cables.
For the solar panel adapter cables, keep in mind that the cable with the red o-ring is the positive.
Connect the other side of that extension cable to the negative input (-) on the charge controller.
Connect the other side of that extension cable to the positive input (+) on the charge controller.
Please make sure all connections are strong and tightened after connecting them.
Be sure to keep an eye on a voltage monitor or battery capacity monitor. Do not let it go below 12.2 volts or 0% charge level because it will damage your battery.
If your charge controller or battery monitor doesn''t come with a battery temperature sensor, you should also get one of those. Most charge controllers have an input for connecting one.
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