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Joe Tegtmeyer described the Telsla 4680 battery chemistry upgrade. At the end of 2023, the 4680 battery chemical composition ratios in Cathode material was NMC 811 (80% Nickel, 10% Lithium, 10% Cobalt). However, Tesla is finishing the process of transitioning over to NMC 955 now that we are in 2024.
They are also trialing asymmetric lamination with one side of the laminated material thicker than the other. The expectation is this will increase the amount of jelly roll that can fit into the 4680 can.
With both of these changes, Tesla will be able to increase the capacity of the 4680 battery initially used in 2023 by a further range of between 10-20%.
Nextbigfuture has a table looking at how the first 4 lines in Texas should ramp and then the other Texas lines, Berlin and Shanghai. This does not factor in a 20% improvements once year in 2024 and 2025 based upon chemistry and battery upgrades. IF Tesla ramps the multiple 4680 lines, then Tesla would be tripling 4680 batteries every 5 months starting January, 2024. Two fully ramped 4680 lines would be 50-60 GWh/year runrate by about May, 2024.
Domestically produced 4680s will be a $6,000 to 13,000 impact in lowering cost or getting inflation reduction act tax credits for each car.
The switchover timing was based on using the last of the older NMC 811 material on hand. The final transition to NMC 955 is now underway.
I believe that since this is essentially just a chemical composition change, the process to upgrade to the newer cells should happen relatively quickly, with little to no drop in production using NMC 955.
Also, as a reminder, the battery cathode plant here at Giga Texas is nearing the end of the initial construction & equipment installation. We may see some initial tests & small-scale production in the first half of 2024. In addition, work continues at the Corpus Christi Lithium Plant, although I suspect it will be the second half of 2024 before it is at a basic operational capability. Eventually, the Lithium Plant & the Battery Cathode Plant will work together to supply Giga Texas 4680 cell production.
Finally, at present, all 4680''s are being directed to Cybertruck, as all Giga Texas Model Y''s are using 2170''s. As the 4680 cell production continues to ramp, this may change, but likely not until late in 2024.
At the end of 2023, the 4680 battery chemical composition ratios in Cathode pic.twitter /qqF0o1Ic6Q
Brian Wang is a Futurist Thought Leader and a popular Science blogger with 1 million readers per month. His blog Nextbigfuture is ranked #1 Science News Blog. It covers many disruptive technology and trends including Space, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Anti-aging Biotechnology, and Nanotechnology.
Known for identifying cutting edge technologies, he is currently a Co-Founder of a startup and fundraiser for high potential early-stage companies. He is the Head of Research for Allocations for deep technology investments and an Angel Investor at Space Angels.
A frequent speaker at corporations, he has been a TEDx speaker, a Singularity University speaker and guest at numerous interviews for radio and podcasts. He is open to public speaking and advising engagements.
We generally get super Elon-gation of the time-frame compared to Elon’s original statements. Tesla does good work but I don’t buy a word that organisation says regarding ramp times.
What matters most is price reduction and getting these in to the Model Y and Model 3. The new 3 is good but I am disappointed that it won’t use the newer batteries.
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Our friend Andy Slye put together this highly informative video breaking down the details about the different batteries Tesla uses in its cars. Beginning in 2022, there are now three different variations, though there were just two not long ago. To be clear, Slye''s not talking about different battery pack sizes, but rather, different chemistries and individual battery cell sizes.
Avid Tesla fans, or simply people with an obsessive "need to know," may be familiar with Tesla''s different battery chemistries and sizes. However, it''s not a topic that many people are familiar with, and if you''re in the market for an EV, it''s important to understand. Thankfully, Slye lays it all out in a way that''s informative and easy to understand.
Tesla''s first battery option isNickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA).The company started using NCA battery chemistry years ago in the form of 18650 cells, which were produced by Panasonic for the Model S and Model X. Tesla also uses cells with the same chemistry in the Model 3 and Model Y, though the size is different: 2170 cells, which are larger and more energy-dense than the 18650 cells.
Fast-forward to more recently, and Tesla started using a second battery chemistry in China, which eventually made its way to the US.Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery cells will be used in all Tesla''s single-motor rear-wheel-drive vehicles. In the US, this means only the base Model 3 uses LFP chemistry, though a new Model Y LFP variant may be on the way. We should also note that, as far as battery cell size is concerned, these are all 2170 cells.
Tesla''s third battery option is the 4680 cell it raved about a few years ago at its Battery Day event. The Model Y crossovers coming out of Tesla''s new Gigafactory in Austin will be fitted with 4680 Tabless battery cells. The vehicles will also be the first from Tesla to feature its structural battery pack.
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During the Q&A session, related to the Q4 2021 financial report, Tesla CEO Elon Musk said that he expects a transition of all stationary energy storage (ESS) products to Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery chemistry.
The switch of the entry-level Model 3 and Model Y cars to iron-based batteries was confirmed several months ago and happened to be quite successful so far.
In the case of ESS, it should be even easier because the lower energy density (vs NCA or NCM types) is not a big issue. The LFP batteries will be heavier, but it matters only in the initial transport phase, while once installed, the ESS is stationary anyway.
Strong points of the LFP are affordability (low cost per kWh), great longevity, power output and safety. On top of that, those are some of the most environmentally-friendly batteries (no cobalt).
As far as we know, since the beginning, Tesla used higher-energy dense battery cells, supplied by Panasonic and also other manufacturers (smaller scale).
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