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Electric vehicles are, in many ways, simpler than conventionally powered cars in that they have far fewer moving parts or things that can go wrong.
However, anyone new to EVs would be forgiven for being a little confused at all the numbers relating to their power, battery capacity and how long they take to charge, as their respective units of measurement all contain a reference to kilowatts (kW).
The car''s power is fairly straightforward and refers to the electric motor''s maximum output. This is measured in kilowatts (or 1000 watts) just like a normal internal combustion engine (ICE). The higher the kW figure, the more oomph you''ll get at the expense of energy consumption.
As the following list shows the power ratings of EVs aren''t too different when compared with similarly-sized and performing ICE vehicles.
The total battery capacity of an EV is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh or kW-h). This rating tells you how much electricity can be stored in the battery pack. It''s a unit of energy just like calories and one kWh is equal to 3600 kilojoules (or 3.6 megajoules). Unlike kW, it is not a unit of power.
Lower-powered EVs require a smaller capacity; for example the Nissan Leaf stores 40kWh and the Hyundai Kona Electric 64kWh. The Porsche Taycan Turbo S meanwhile stores a maximum of 93.4kWh.
If all these cars had the same electric motor (and thereby the same maximum amount of power drawn from the battery at any given time) the Porsche would have the longest driving range because of its higher capacity.
However, the Porsche has a 560kW motor that''s designed for high performance and that comes at the cost of driving range, which is about 405 kilometres. But the Hyundai Kona Electric has a 557km distance range, even though it has a smaller battery capacity, because its motor is less powerful.
Like how ICE vehicle fuel consumption is measured in litres per 100km in highway, urban and combined settings, EV efficiency is rated by the number of kWh consumed over 100km.
More economical EVs, such as the Hyundai Kona, consume about 14kWh/100km combined, while the larger and more powerful SUVs such as the Audi E-Tron will suck electrons at a rate of 24kWh/100km.
It''s worth noting that while petrol and diesel vehicles are more efficient on the open road, EVs consume less power in urban settings as stop-start driving allows for coasting and the recouping of energy through regenerative braking.
A kilowatt is also the unit of measurement and energy used for charging points. With electricity, a watt is simply the voltage (volts) multiplied by the current (amps), which means the higher the kW number the more electricity is being used to charge your car, which means quicker charging.
This is why a 400v/50kW rapid charger will charge an EV far quicker than a 240v/2.4kW socket in your garage.
kWh stands for ''kilowatt-hour''. And what is a kilowatt-hour? It''s a unit of electricity. So 1 kWh = 1 unit of electricity.
Your house has an electricity meter. It records how much electricity you use. You know that number on the meter that keeps going up? That number tells you the kilowatt-hours (kWh) – or units of electricity – you have consumed.
An all-electric car has a battery which powers an electric motor (or motors) which in turn makes the wheels go round.
That car battery stores units of electricity. It stores kWh.
Let''s consider the Renault Zoe. It has a 52 kWh battery. What does that mean? When fully charged, the Zoe can store 52 units of electricity.
As you drive the car, you use up electricity from the battery. It will go down from 52 kWh to 51, 50, 49 and so on.
Imagine you leave home in the Zoe on a full battery and then return at the end of the day having consumed 15 kWh of electricity (that equates to roughly 60 miles of driving). The battery will now have 37 kWh remaining in it (52 minus 15).
You plug the car in to start charging its battery. Assuming you have had a dedicated EV charging point installed, it will take a couple of hours to charge the battery back up to 52 kWh. That''s 1 kWh of electricity into your Zoe''s battery every 8 minutes, approximately.
kW is short for kilowatt. What''s a kilowatt? It''s a measure of how much electrical power a device needs to operate.
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