A European infrastructure for carbon capture and storage is underway. Today, arrangements between Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden allow cross-border transport and geological storage of captured CO2.
Until now (October 2024), the Ministry of Energy has granted eleven permits under the CO 2 storage regulations (lagringsforskriften), ten in the North Sea and one in the Barents Sea. In June 2024, three new areas for the storage of CO 2 was announced in accordance with the storage regulations.
Here are the key regulations relating to resource management in the petroleum activities and for storage and transport of CO2 on the continental shelf. These regulations fall under the authority of the Ministry of Energy and the Norwegian Offshore Directorate and consist of statutes, overarching regulations and regulations stipulated by the
Latest on energy. The chief task of the Ministry of Energy is to develop a coordinated and coherent energy policy. It is an overriding goal to ensure high value creation through the efficient and environmentally-friendly management of the country''s energy resources.
Various governments have worked to realize a full-scale project for capture, transport and storage of CO2 (CCS) in Norway. The Norwegian Parliament approved the full-scale CO2 management project in Meld. St. 33 (2019–2020) Longship - capture, transport...
Various governments have worked to realize a full-scale project for capture,
,,。 2022, Terje Aasland 。,。
According to the UN Panel on Climate Change, the capture, transport and storage of CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil energy and industrial production is crucial in order to reduce the world''s greenhouse gas emissions. There are several CCS projects in operation worldwide. However, CCS is still expensive, and there is a need for additional technological development. The work on CCS is therefore largely related to the development of technology and the facilitation of cost reductions. For some industries, especially cement production and waste incineration, the capture and storage of CO2 is the only way to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The Norwegian Parliament (Stortinget) has decided to support the realization of Longship, Norway''s full-scale project for CCS, and the project is currently under construction. Norway has suitable conditions for facilitating the capture, transport and storage of CO2. If we succeed in capturing and storing CO2, it will be significantly cheaper to achieve the climate goals. Longship contributes in making this more feasible and less costly.
In later years, there has been an increasing interest inn CCS both in Europe and Norway. More countries and companies investing in, and developing, CCS solutions are necessary for CCS to become an effective climate measure.
CO2 management involves capturing, transporting and storing CO2 from power production or industrial processes. The term Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is widely used.
The purpose of CCS is to limit the quantity of CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere by capturing CO2 and then storing it securely.
CO2 can be captured from flue (waste) gases at power plants and from industrial production. CCS is used in production of blue hydrogen, which consists of steam reforming of natural gas and capturing and storing the CO2 emissions produced. It is also possible to separate CO2 directly from natural gas during processing to achieve the required quality before the gas is transported to customers by pipeline or ship. Additionally, CO2 can be extracted directly from air, so-called direct air capture (DAC). Capturing CO2 from flue gas is more expensive than capturing CO₂ from natural gas. DAC is the most expensive of these technologies.
There are several available technologies for capturing CO2 from flue gas, and some of these are being tested at the technology centre for CO2 capture at Mongstad. The world''s first full-scale facility for CO2 capture from coal power opened in Canada in October 2014. More information on various capture methods can be found here.
CO2 in larger quantities can be transported by pipeline or by ship. The best option generally depends on the quantity of CO2 to be transported and the distance between the CO2 source and storage site. Transport by ship is better suited to smaller quantities and greater distances, whereas transport by pipeline transport is better suited to larger quantities and shorter distances.
There is significant potential for large-scale storage of CO2 under the Norwegian continental shelf, and it is vital to ensure that the CO2 does not leak from where it is stored. Thus, storing CO2 under the seabed is the most secure option in Norway. There are large geological formations at great depths under the seabed that provide suitable pressure and temperature conditions preventing the CO2 from moving up the rock and sand layers towards the seabed. The Norwegian Offshore Directorate has compiled a CO2 storage atlas for the Norwegian continental shelf.
Norway has extensive experience with CO2 management. Since 1996, CO2 from gas production on the Norwegian continental shelf has been captured and reinjected into sub-seabed formations. The CO2 management projects at Sleipner and Snøhvit are the only CO2 management projects in operation in Europe today and are unique in the offshore industry:
In autumn 2020, the Parliament agreed to a funding model and the conditions for further project development of Longship. Longship is the largest climate technology investment in Norwegian industry. The projects aims to provide knowledge showing that CCS is safe and feasible, reduce barriers and costs for future projects, and facilitate learning and experience related to regulation and incentivization of subsequent CCS activities. If successful, Longship can contribute to large-scale CCS, which can be an important measure against climate change.
Longship is an industrial project with potentially large ripple effects both in Norway and around the world. If large-scale carbon capture and sub-seabed storage on the Norwegian continental shelf is successful, it can both secure jobs and create new ones. In addition, it can be an important tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from high-emission industries, such as the cement or wate industry.
The total cost estimate for Longship (investments and 10-year operating costs) is a total of approximately NOK 28 bn. The government''s share of expected investments and operating costs is estimated around NOK 18 bn.
The implementation of Longship is ongoing in line with Meld. St. 33 (2019-2020).
Longship consists of three parts that together constitute the state-funded project Longship; capture, transport and storage of CO2:
Announcement of areas for CO2 storage on the Norwegian shelf
There is an increasing commercial interest from companies regarding CO2 storage on the Norwegian continental shelf. Norwegian authorities want to facilitate profitable storage of CO2 on the shelf. Companies with the necessary expertise and with specific, industrial plans that involve the need for carbon storage solutions on a commercial basis can apply to the Ministry of Energy for a permit adapted to the needs of the company. Until now (October 2024), the Ministry of Energy has granted eleven permits under the CO2 storage regulations (lagringsforskriften), ten in the North Sea and one in the Barents Sea. In June 2024, three new areas for the storage of CO2 was announced in accordance with the storage regulations. The announcement area is located in the North Sea. Read more here.
The Technology Centre at Mongstad (TCM) is owned by the Norwegian state, Equinor, Shell and TotalEnergies, and has been operating since 2012.
TCM is a world leading test centre for CCS technology by being the largest in the world that is open to independent testing, and has a design and instrumentation that provides opportunities for testing under various conditions. TCM currently consists of a facility for full-scale testing of amine-based technology, as a well as infrastructure of small-scale testing of various other carbon capture technologies. Both have access to flue gas of different concentration and composition.
So far, TCM has carried out tests with the suppliers Aker Carbon Capture, Alstom (now GE), Shell Cansolv, Carbon Clean Solutions, ION Clean Energy, Membrane Technology Research (MTR), Fluor, TDA Research, Mitsubishi Engineering (MHI) and RTI International.. You can read more about the facility at TCM''s website here.
Research and technology development
About Norway energy storage regulations
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