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Brazil should prioritize generation projects based on renewable sources associated with energy storage systems, rather than thermoelectric plants, according to Markus Vlasits and Adalberto Moreira.
Vlasits is the president and Moreira the vice president of local energy storage solutions association ABSAE.
In this interview, they talk about the reasons for increasing investment in the area and the measures needed to enable the expansion of the battery market.
BNamericas: What is the scenario for energy storage?
Vlasits: Energy storage is growing very fast in the world. Last year alone, 23GWh were deployed. There are three anchor markets: China, the US and the EU/UK.
Brazil''s still a very small market, with an installed base of around 250MWh. This has occurred above all in connection with rural electrification, in association with solar panels.
BNamericas: The government is analyzing allowing energy storage projects to participate in regulated auctions by watchdog Aneel.
Vlasits: Yes, in backup capacity auctions. We need to understand how storage can contribute to the growth of renewable sources in Brazil and what other relevant services it can provide for the electricity sector.
Moreira: For example, in some regions, energy distributors are not prepared to supply the energy consumed by electric cars at the end of the day, when they arrive at the condominium and plug in to recharge. It''s a challenge to reinforce this grid, and storage can help.
Vlasits: And then there''s the issue of decarbonizing the Amazon. There are more than 200 localities in the Amazon region that are not connected to the national grid that emit 10-12% of the electricity system''s CO2. These localities account for 3.7TWh of consumption, mainly of diesel oil, as well as natural gas, which corresponds to less than 1% of the national load, which is around 500TWh of energy.
BNamericas: Are you referring to the Amazon decarbonization program?
Vlasits: Yes, the decree published by the government provides guidelines. It''s positive, but it lacks detail. It''s like a letter of intent, but it''s not yet operationalized.
Moreira: Energy storage is a wildcard, as it provides multiple services for multiple players.
There are demands for electricity generation, transmission and distribution. And there are services for end consumers who incur significant costs at peak times and for increasing the reliability of generation.
We won''t be able to build new hydroelectric plants, and it seems obvious that there will be growth in renewables, which imposes a challenge on the electricity system because solar and wind sources are intermittent. So storage comes in to provide these sources with greater reliability.
Vlasits: Brazil has a pipeline of more than 100GW of solar energy and 20-30GW of wind energy authorized [by Aneel], and there is huge difficulty in getting access. There are situations where the electricity grid is congested due to limitations in the transmission network.
BNamericas: What measures do Brazilian authorities need to take to enable the growth of the energy storage market?
Vlasits: We need to redefine the rules for the next backup capacity auction and, more specifically, for the potency product. We''re asking for a specific product, operational flexibility, to balance load and generation.
Moreira: It''s essential that there are instructions that allow this technology to take part in the competition. For example, defining the autonomy time that will be needed. Having a battery that runs for 36, 48 hours is not competitive.
On the question of flexibility: for different needs, you need a system that is modern enough to accommodate new solutions. For a daily operation, with a systemic peak of three or four hours, it''s smarter to have a system that comes and goes instantly; for one-off, daily demands, at peak hours.
The problem isn''t the contracted energy. The problem is in the potency, as intermittent sources do not guarantee sufficient load input.
Vlasits: Brazil lacks dispatchable power, not energy. The solution is not to add more thermoelectric plants. This can be offered via synthetic inertia, which energy storage provides. These are devices that can be stand-alone or coupled to a renewable power plant, with a very fast response time of less than a second. This was done in the US 10 years ago, it''s been done in Australia, in the UK for six, seven years. These are technologies that have already demonstrated their reliability.
Moreira: Another important issue is taxation. We have a prohibitive tax burden on energy storage. It''s almost double what we find for generation, transmission and distribution equipment in Brazil. Taxes need to be adjusted. I''m not talking about exemption.
Vlasits: But even with this absurd tax, we''ve already managed to be competitive for isolated systems and a growing number of consumers, even more so with the price of diesel today. And we''ll also be able to reserve capacity. If tax conditions improve, we''ll manage to expand the market.
BNamericas: Batteries use lithium, whose production generates environmental impacts. Couldn''t this be considered a contradiction in terms, from the point of view of sustainability?
Vlasits: The solution doesn''t have to be lithium batteries. Today, this is the best cost-benefit ratio, but that could change. Chinese companies are already launching sodium batteries, for example.
The challenge with lithium is that it comes in very low concentrations. But it''s a global supply chain. Chile, Argentina and Australia are the big suppliers. And in Asia, there are the cell producers, whose integration takes place locally. It''s a very competitive global chain.
Unlike mobility, stationary, i.e. everything that isn''t in a vehicle, can work with other technologies. It''s not married to lithium.
BNamericas: ISA-CTEEP has inaugurated an energy storage system on the south coast of São Paulo. Do you expect other projects of this kind to emerge in Brazil?
Vlasits: There are more than 30 projects in place, and ISA''s is the biggest of them, without a doubt. The second largest is Vale''s 10MWh project at the Mangaratiba terminal [Rio de Janeiro state]. And there are a number of projects to hybridize isolated systems in the north of Brazil.
Moreira: We participated in the first two isolated hybrid plants in Brazil, in the far north of Roraima. They are made up of thermal sources, with diesel, associated with photovoltaic systems with energy storage.
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