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The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina''s Canton 10 has signed
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is a country located in Southeast Europe with a population of around 3.3 million people. It is a country with a diverse energy mix, with the majority of its energy being produced from thermal power plants, followed by hydropower plants and a small number of wind farms. However, renewable energy, particularly solar, has great potential for development in the country and presents new opportunities for growth and sustainable development.
The Current Status of Solar Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The use of solar energy in BiH is still in its early stages. As of the end of 2022, the installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity was only 107 MW, with a total annual solar radiation of around 2,400 hours. This is a relatively small amount, considering that BiH has a large potential for solar energy development.
Until recently, BiH had a limited regulatory framework for renewable energy, which hampered investment in solar projects. However, over the past few years, the government has taken important steps to promote renewable energy, including solar projects. In 2021, the country adopted the Law on Energy, which sets clear targets for renewable energy use and provides a stable regulatory framework for investors. This new law, combined with the country's abundant solar resources, creates a favorable environment for the development of solar energy in BiH.
The Potential for Solar Energy Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
BiH has vast potential for solar energy development. Its geographic position and climate make it ideal for solar power production. The country receives an average of 1,500 kWh/m2 of solar radiation annually, which is more than enough to support large-scale solar projects. The abundant sunlight resources can be harnessed through large-scale solar PV projects and small-scale rooftop solar systems. With the right investment and policies, solar development could be a game-changer for BiH's energy sector.
There have been some successful solar projects implemented in the country, such as the 1 MW solar power plant in Mostar or the 36 MW solar project on the Bratunac landfill. However, these are still relatively small-scale projects. To fully realize the potential of solar energy, several challenges must be addressed.
Challenges to Solar Energy Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The main challenge facing solar energy development in BiH is the lack of investment. BiH has historically been plagued by political instability, which has made foreign investors cautious. Furthermore, the country's complex regulatory environment has made it difficult for companies to navigate the legal requirements necessary to develop solar projects. Despite recent regulatory improvements, the country still has a long way to go to create a favorable environment for investment.
Another challenge is the lack of infrastructure. The existing transmission and distribution lines are outdated and not equipped to handle large-scale renewable energy production. To fully realize the potential of solar power, new grid infrastructure must be developed. This requires significant investment and coordination among different stakeholders.
Finally, the low price of electricity in BiH is a disincentive for investment in renewable energy. The electricity tariffs are heavily regulated by the government, which has resulted in a lack of economic incentives for companies to invest in renewable energy. The government should provide more financial incentives and offer a competitive price for renewable power to attract private investors.
Opportunities for Solar Energy Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
BiH has several opportunities for solar energy development. With a supportive regulatory framework, implementation of modern grid infrastructure and attractive financial incentives, the country could accelerate its transition to renewable energy. Moreover, BiH's proximity to the European Union (EU) market offers significant export opportunities. The country's renewable energy potential could help the EU meet its climate and energy targets set under the Paris Agreement.
Solar energy is a promising sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with huge untapped potential. While the sector faces numerous challenges, the recent regulatory improvements coupled with the country's abundant sunlight resources create a favorable environment for investment. By addressing the challenges and tapping into the opportunities, BiH can gradually shift its energy mix towards a more sustainable, secure, and cost-effective future. The development of solar energy could provide significant benefits for the country's economy and local communities, while also contributing to the global fight against climate change.
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On the premises of the United Nations in Sarajevo, the official presentation and handover of the Interactive Solar Atlas (ISA) took place. ISA was developed within the project "Accelerating the transition to clean energy using the potential of solar energy in BiH - SolarCET", which is implemented by UNDP in BiH with the financial support of the Ministry of Finance of Slovakia.
It is the first publicly available tool that provides all the necessary information about the solar potential in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was handed over to the Independent System Operator (NOS) in BiH.
Raduška Cupać, Energy and Environment Sector Leader at UNDP BiH, thanked Slovakia for the financial support for this project, as well as NOS for recognizing the importance of ISA, the purpose of which is to facilitate the transition to renewable energy sources for the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which will ultimately contribute to reducing the use of fossil fuels, as well as building a sustainable and more environmentally friendly future.
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