On November 18, the "Green Electricity Town" plan submitted by State Grid Yinchuan Power Supply Company was selected into the case collection of "Accelerating Action, Increasing Contributions and Assisting Energy Green and Low-carbon Transformation Excellent Solutions" and released at the 29th Unite Contact online >>
On November 18, the "Green Electricity Town" plan submitted by State Grid Yinchuan Power Supply Company was selected into the case collection of "Accelerating Action, Increasing Contributions and Assisting Energy Green and Low-carbon Transformation Excellent Solutions" and released at the 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29), the 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The conference was held in Baku, capital of Azerbaijan, from November 11 to 22. Representatives from about 200 parties to the convention and climate experts gathered in Azerbaijan to urge countries around the world to jointly respond to climate change challenges and work together to build a greener, low-carbon and sustainable future.
The report "Accelerate Action, Increase Contribution: Excellent Solutions to Promote Green and Low-carbon Transformation of Energy" includes 6 solutions from the State Grid system to promote green and low-carbon transformation of energy. It promotes energy substitution and energy conservation and carbon reduction from both the supply and consumption sides of energy, covering the construction of zero-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon transformation of small and medium-sized industrial parks, island power supply, green energy to promote rural revitalization, green vehicles in the public sector, and eco-friendly power grid construction.
The "Green Power Town, a New Idea for Rural Revitalization" tells a story in which the State Grid Yinchuan Power Supply Company took Minning Town as a pilot, and built the town into a "green power town" with 100 percent supply of green electricity 24 hours a day through accurate calculation. Through this way, a new path for high-quality utilization of new energy was explored, and green energy was used to promote the coordinated advancement of rural revitalization and the "dual carbon" goals, providing reference for the solution of similar problems in other regions.
He Jijiang, executive deputy director of the Energy Transition Research Center of the School of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University, said after carefully reading this report that the power grid system has played a key role in the process of the "dual carbon" goal, and power grid companies have always been at the forefront of promoting the development of renewable energy.
In the next step, State Grid Yinchuan Power Supply Company will focus on the "Sai Shang Green Power" brand of State Grid Ningxia Power, continue to fulfill due social responsibilities, promoting clean and low-carbon transformation and development.
The Battle of Tskhinvali Revisited
More than half a decade has passed since the first conventional war of the 21st century – however brief – came to an end. This author had produced one of the first case studies of the battle of Tskhinvali, published as "Sustainable Armor Capability for Small Powers: The Case of Georgia in the August War" in the Baltic Security and Defence Review (Vol. 11, number 2) in late 2009. The main objective of the article was to shape a case study to inform small power policy-making on the procurement and employment of a sustainable armored capability defined as "main battle tanks" (MBTs).
In effect, the article served to inform the policies of the Baltic States where the author was posted in 2000-2001, and 2008-2010. The battle of Tskhinvali served as a cautionary tale to small powers, such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, who consider procuring an armour complement to their force structure. The Baltic States have integrated the lessons of the battle of Tskhinvali, and are jointly purchasing 50 million Euros'' worth of anti-tank ammunition for their existing Carl-Gustav recoilless guns.[i]
So imagine now, if you will, the performance of military action, both by the Russians and Georgians, within the context of social media scrutiny. Not only was this the first conventional war of the 21st century (in many ways, the last war of the 20th century, perhaps), but this was also the first war conducted under the aegis of Facebook, VKontakte, and . Although we do not analyse the importance of this fact here, we postulate of its saliency because of the potential for disinformation by either side''s official channels, as well as by independent individuals. Therefore to reappraise an article which was written within and published within a year of the events is necessary. To do it five years after the event is prudent.
This is an attempt at establishing the facts as to how Georgia''s armored capability fared against what emerged to be as the Russian 58th Army''s 19th Motor Rifle Division (MRD) which descended upon Tskhinvali through the Roki tunnel.[ii] An article in Aviation Week & Space Technology spells out the nature of this confrontation as a "flawed fight: Georgians anticipated no response and Russian pilots expected no opposition."[iii] Perhaps with new information, we can refine on that judgment.
Tskhinvali Battle Case Study
In the late afternoon of 7 August 2008, Major Z.J. turned off his computer, and prepared to leave his work at the General Staff of the Georgian Armed Forces (GAF) in Tbilisi.[iv] His phone rang as he closed his office door. He was told that the GAF was on alert level three (mid-range in a five level gradation, with 5 being normal readiness level, and 1 all-out war).[v] This was unusual. Elsewhere in the GAF, there were no such dilemmas; Maj. R.B. was on duty in the 4th Brigade in Avnevi, and Maj. B.A., of the 1st Brigade, was patrolling the Iraqi sands. For these three men and some ten thousand others, these were the last hours of relative calm at the end of what had been a busy week.
Georgian troops had moved up to the South Ossetian border in response unusually intense mortar and small arms fire from South Ossetia. According to Tsyganok, this in fact represented the "third phase" of Georgia''s preparation for blitzkrieg, with the 3rd Georgian Infantry Brigade in first echelon. By the evening of 7 August, some 75 tanks and 12000 GAF and interior ministry troops would be arrayed against Tskhinvali.[vi] Until then, Georgian officials had been conferring with the Russian peacekeepers[vii] in the restive province since 2 August, date at which the Russian 58th Army had just returned from its annual "North Caucasus" exercise.[viii]
At 0300 on the morning of the 8th of August, Maj. Z. J. was woken up; "we''re at level one. Your presence is required at the Gori command center immediately."[xii] Only then did he learn that a Georgian artillery brigade located on the outskirts of Gori had been attempting to delay an alleged Russian advance towards the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali with its "Grad" batteries. Georgia was now at war. By some accounts, Georgian artillery had already been working Tskhinvali over for some time, submitting it to a 14-hour bombardment which resulted in the destruction of up to 70 percent of the city.[xiii]
That day would be murderous for Major D.''s force; his tank battalion lost five tanks and crews between the railroad tracks and the city''s north western edge, at the latitude of the Russian peacekeepers'' headquarters. We now know that this damage was caused by a combination of South Ossetian militia action and Russian close air support air strikes. The action of Russian peacekeepers can safely be discounted here, as Lavrov attributes some of these hits to Anatolii Barankevitch, a high official in South Ossetia''s administration, and confirms that the intensity of the Georgian artillery had prevented Russian peacekeepers, at that moment, from effectively responding.[xviii]
Meanwhile, the Russian 135th MRR was maneuvering towards the north western heights above Tskhinvali, north of the village of Tbeti. Reports put the 135th MRR at the location of the Russian peacekeepers'' headquarters at 0630 on 8 August, which is a huge distance to cover in these conditions, from the Roki tunnel (25km away), if the MRR received the order to move at 0100.[xxiv] Meanwhile, the Georgian 3rd Brigade reported severe contact with a South Ossetian unit of company strength on the outskirts of Eredvi, to the east of Tskhinvali.[xxv]
At 1400, the Georgians retreated from Tskhinvali, while president Mikhail Saakashvili announced at 1415 the opening of a humanitarian corridor to help evacuate the remaining residents of Tskhinvali. This corridor would be open between 1500 and 1800.[xxxii] Georgian interior ministry troops use this opportunity to pull back to the Niqozi villages to the south, but elsewhere, the withdrawal is massive. The ceasefire allowed the independent Georgian tank battalion to migrate back to its baseline in Gori. There is also evidence that the tank battalion of the 4th Brigade was also returning to south western positions.
At 1800, Georgian forces attempted to retake Tskhinvali. Tsyganok reports that 25 tanks and 30 other infantry vehicles made an attempt along the Khetagurovo axis, so there are grounds to believe this was once again the 4th Brigade in action, supported by elements of the 2nd Brigade and the 43rd Georgian infantry battalion.[xxxvi] Meanwhile, Georgian interior ministry troops make another attempt out of the Niqozi villages to the south, and only manage, although supported by the 41st infantry battalion, to reach the southern outskirts of Tskhinvali (the so-called Shanghai district).[xxxvii]The Georgian interior ministry troops have, between 0600 and 2000 hours on 8 August, made no less than five attempts to penetrate and hold their section of Tskhinvali – to no avail.[xxxviii]
Contrary to what this author had reported in 2009, the GAF did not own the day, despite three important successes. First, the GAF had managed to pin down the Russian peacekeeping forces. Second, they had managed to conquer and hold the Prisi heights to the east, which gave them an excellent vantage point over Tskhinvali and artillery reach all the way to Djava and the Roki tunnel, and third, they managed some maneuvering successes, mostly with the elements of the 2nd Brigade which were used to support the attack of the 3rd Brigade to the east during the early part of the day, and in support of the 4th Brigade to the west, after 1800.
Still it is now clear that by 2200, Russian and South Ossetian forces had cleared the territory of Georgian troops, although the 3rd Brigade and elements of the unready 5th Brigade clung to the north-eastern edge of the South Ossetian territory. The presence of elements from the 2nd Brigade is puzzling, as it is well known that the 2nd Brigade was ordered out of Senaki on the 8th of August with a twelve hour delay. It is possible, after all, that the totality of the brigade managed to assemble south of Tskhinvali only during the 9th of August, but that certain elements had already been despatched to battle stations to the east and west of the town.
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