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Learn about the six major types of lithium-ion batteries based on their cathode composition, performance, and applications. See how they differ in energy density
Originally Published 3-29-2019
Batteries are everywhere.
While batteries are nothing new, advancements and the race for the "best battery chemistry" is as ferocious as ever.
While the competition is intriguing, it might operate on a flawed premise.
What if there didn''t have to be a winner-take-all end to this race?
What if specific battery chemistries excel in some areas and are poor in others?
In today''s post, we answer those questions by comparing six common battery chemistries'' lifetime, cost, power/weight ratio, temperature range, storability and ease of disposal.
The batteries we will cover include Lithium-ion, Lithium-iron phosphate, Lithium-titanate-oxide, Lead-acid, Nickel-cadmium, and Nickel-metal hydride.
Before we dive in, here are a few notes regarding our analysis:
Lifetime: 600-1,000 cycles. Integrated safety circuits limit overcharging and undercharging to protect the battery and maximize its lifetime.
Lifetime: 7,000+ cycles. Integrated safety circuits limit overcharging and undercharging to protect the battery and maximize its lifetime.
Power/Weight: 0.070Wh/g (prismatic)
Temperature Range: -40°C to 50°C
Lifetime: 1,000-2,000 cycles (depending on the depth of discharge).
Power/Weight: 0.041Wh/g (cylindrical cell)
Storability: Loses 5-20% charge/month
Temperature Range: –20°C to 50°C
Disposal: Hazardous but designed to be recycled.
Lifetime: 1,000 cycles. Optimum performance when fully charged and fully discharged each cycle. To ensure a long lifetime, unlike many other chemistries, it''s essential to store these batteries fully discharged.
Power/Weight: 0.057Wh/g (cylindrical)
Storability: Loses 10-15% charge/month
Temperature Range: -40°C to 70°C
Lifetime: 2,000 cycles. Standard NiMH batteries have a very high self-discharge and must be charged frequently. Eneloop-style NiMH batteries have a very low self-discharge. To achieve optimum performance, fully charge the battery each time and never fully discharge, stopping discharge once the battery reaches 20%.
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