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We find that India can achieve energy independence through aggressive
urbanization, and industrialization, India''s energy demand is expected to nearly
India can achieve its vision of energy independence by 2047, according to a
India can achieve energy independence by 2047, when it celebrates 100 years of independence, according to a study by the US Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
The study titled “Pathways to Atmanirbhar Bharat” also notes India’s energy infrastructure needs an investment of USD3 trillion in the coming decades.
It determined that achieving energy independence will generate significant economic, environmental, and energy benefits for India which include USD2.5 trillion in consumer savings through 2047, reducing fossil fuel import expenditure by 90 per cent or USD240 billion per year, enhancing India’s industrial competitiveness globally, and enabling its net-zero commitment ahead of schedule.
“India’s energy infrastructure requires a USD3 trillion investment in the coming decades, and our study finds that prioritizing new energy assets that are cost-effective and clean is crucial for long-term financial sustainability,” said Berkeley Lab staff scientist and co-author Amol Phadke in a statement issued by the Department of Energy.
The study shows that India’s energy independence pathway would involve the power sector installing more than 500 GW of non-fossil electricity generation capacity by 2030, a goal already announced by the government, followed by an 80 percent clean grid by 2040 and 90 percent by 2047.
It says that nearly 100 percent of new vehicle sales could be electric by 2035. Heavy industrial production could shift primarily to green hydrogen and electrification, it said.
Most of the lithium needed (estimated 2 million tons by 2040) for manufacturing new electric vehicles and grid-scale battery storage systems could be produced domestically using newly discovered reserves, it said.
In addition, the Indian industry must transition to clean technologies such as EV and green steel manufacturing. India is one of the world’s largest auto and steel exporters, with their largest markets in EU countries committed to carbon neutrality and a potential carbon border adjustment tariff, it said.
Phadke said, “India can leverage the existing policy framework it has laid out to expand the clean energy deployment.” India, the third largest energy consumer in the world, currently imports 90 percent of the oil it needs, 80 percent of the industrial coal, and 40 percent of the natural gas. Price and supply volatility in the global energy markets, as witnessed in recent years, strain India’s foreign exchange reserves, resulting in economy-wide inflation, it said.
“The case for clean energy has never been stronger. India has achieved the world’s lowest renewable energy prices and has found some of the world’s largest lithium reserves,” said Nikit Abhyankar, Berkeley Lab scientist and the lead author of the study. “This can propel India towards cost-effective energy independence in a way that is economically and environmentally advantageous,” he added.
According to the press release, the study also finds that India has a unique advantage to leapfrog to a clean energy future since the bulk of its energy infrastructure is yet to be built.
“We find that India will embark on an ambitious energy transition in the coming decades,” said Priyanka Mohanty, a co-author and researcher at Berkeley Lab. “However, the transition runway provides time to strategically deploy clean technologies at scale and plan for a just transition.”
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on the country''s 75th Independence Day a new goal to transform India into an ''energy-independent'' nation by 2047.
"India today is not energy independent. Energy imports in the country account for an average Rs 12,000 crore a year. Energy independence is vital for India''s development. Hence, today, India must resolve to become energy-independent 2047, and our roadmap is very clear on this."
His remarks have come as the country misses an earlier goal set by the PM in 2015: Of reducing crude oil import by 10 per cent by 2022. This target is far from being met and the country''s import dependency has only increased.
He also emphasised the role played by the Indian Railways in import-reduction plans: "The work on 100 per cent electrification of Railways is progressing rapidly." The Indian Railways has set a target of becoming a net-zero carbon emitter by 2030.
A total of 45,881 route kilometres (RKM) (approximately 71 per cent of Indian Railways'' broad-gauge network) has been electrified by March 31, 2021 (64,689 RKM, including Konkan Railway).
The Central Organisation for Railway Electrification aims to connect all broad-gauge routes to the grid by December 2023. The Indian Railways is planning a mix of electrification, improvement of energy efficiency of locomotives and trains, green certification for installations and stations, bio-toilets in coaches and a switch to renewable resources to achieve net-zero carbon emissions.
The PM also stressed the need to introduce green hydrogen as an alternative fuel and spoke of making the country a global hub of the same. Green hydrogen is India''s biggest aim when it comes to tackling climate change.
"I am announcing the National Hydrogen Mission today to meet our goal of green hydrogen. India must become a global hub for the production and export of green hydrogen."
A National Hydrogen Energy Mission was announced by the PM in November 2020 as well. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman reiterated this in the Union Budget 2021-2022.
The Indian Railways announced earlier this month that it has begun developing hydrogen-powered trains. The National Thermal Power Corp is also seeking proposals to set up a project on hydrogen blending with natural gas across India''s city gas distribution network.
Chart Industries Inc based in the United States and Reliance Industries in India announced April 2021 that they were joining forces to create the India H2 Alliance (IH2A), which facilitates the commercialisation of hydrogen technologies and builds net-zero carbon pathways in India.
As of June, JSW Steel, the Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research-National Chemical Lab (CSIR-NCL), and Scottish Development International (SDI) also joined the IH2A.
The companies said they will work closely with the Government of India to build the hydrogen economy and supply chain in India. In a statement, renewable energy producer, ACME Group, also reported that it has installed the world''s first commercial-scale green hydrogen production pilot plant in Rajasthan.
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India can achieve its vision of energy independence by 2047, according to a new study titled Pathways to Atmanirbhar Bharat (which translates to "self-reliant India"), released by the U.S. Department of Energy''s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab).
Examining India''s three most energy intensive sectors (power, transport, and industry), the study determined that achieving energy independence will generate significant economic, environmental, and energy benefits. This includes $2.5 trillion in consumer savings through 2047, reducing fossil fuel import expenditure by 90% or $240 billion per year by 2047, enhancing India''s industrial competitiveness globally, and enabling India''s net-zero commitment ahead of schedule.
India is the third largest energy consumer in the world and its energy demand will quadruple in the coming decades thanks to the rapid economic growth. Currently, it must import 90% of the oil, 80% of the industrial coal, and 40% of the natural gas it consumes. Price and supply volatility in the global energy markets, as witnessed in recent years, strain India''s foreign exchange reserves, resulting in economy-wide inflation.
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