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Tesla is negotiating with the government of Armenia over supplying a grid-scale storage system, while Italy’s grid operator revealed it is collaborating with the EV and smart energy tech maker to “study new techniques of energy storage”.
Armenia’s national news agency, Armenpress, reported yesterday that the government department of energy infrastructures and natural resources is considering building a 14MWh energy storage battery system by 2020 in Gegharkunik province. Tesla is negotiating with Armenia on the “sidelines of the battery project”, it said.
The agency reported that the former Soviet state is seeking to deploy solar-plus-storage facilities and also optimise the use of hydroelectric resources available. Armenpress quoted deputy minister Hayk Harutyunyan as having said the battery was needed not only for renewable energy but also “for our base capacities”.
Meanwhile, the CEO of Italy’s grid operator, Terna, has been on a roadshow visit to the US, taking in Boston, Chicago and New York after a visit to the City of London, England’s financial centre. Terna said Luigi Ferraris was meeting with investors to reveal the grid operator’s strategic plan to 2022. Terna anticipates US$5.3 billion investment being put in to the modernisation of the grid, including migration to higher levels of renewables and decarbonisation.
“The feedback has been very positive,” Ferraris said after a meeting with financial analysts, adding that Terna now, “represents a very favourable investment for long-term investors, particular the Americans”.
Terna and Tesla have been collaborating on EV charging and a project called Green Islands (T2), since 2016. CEO Ferraris reiterated the importance of the collaboration with Tesla and other Silicon Valley players, while the grid operator has been running large-scale storage pilot programmes since 2013. Terna is also running an Open Innovation programme which the company said “involves a structured relationship with sector peers, industrial players, the academic world and with start-ups and SMEs”.
The electricity sector of Armenia includes several companies engaged in electricity generation and distribution.[4][5][6] Generation is carried out by multiple companies both state-owned and private. In 2020 less than a quarter of energy in Armenia was electricity.[7]
As of 2016, the majority of the electricity sector is privatized and foreign-owned (by Russian and American companies), which is the result of a law passed in 1998 allowing for the privatization of electricity generation and distribution in the country. Administration, government legislation, and policy of the sector is conducted by the Ministry of Energy Infrastructures and Natural Resources of Armenia. Regulation of the sector is performed by the Public Services Regulatory Commission of Armenia.[8][9][10]
Large investments have been made in the electricity sector in Armenia in the 2000s. These include the construction of the $247M combined-cycle Yerevan Thermal Power Plant completed in 2010,[19][20] a $52M loan from the World Bank in 2015 to improve the reliability of electricity distribution across Armenia,[21][22][23] and a $42M investment in 2016 by Electric Networks of Armenia to repair distribution networks.[24]
In June 2016, the Armenian Parliament updated the law "On Energy Saving and Renewable Energy" which encourages the use of solar power in the country and allows users of solar installations of 150 kW or less to sell their excess energy back to the electrical grid.[25][26]
The voltage in Armenia is 220 V AC at a frequency of 50 Hz. Armenia uses the European 2-pin C-socket and F-socket plugs.[27][28][29]
According to International Energy Agency in 2015 electricity generation in Armenia increased since 2009 to nearly 8000 GWh, but still remains below 1990 levels. Also, in 2015 Armenia consumed more than twice as much natural gas than in 2009.[30]
Armenia lacks fossil energy source, and heavily relies on the production of electricity from a nuclear power plant and hydro power plants, and uses imported fossil fuels to operate thermal power plants. Solar energy and wind energy productions are just a small portion of the overall electricity production.
Out of 3213.2 MW of installed capacity in Armenia, the largest portion of electricity generation comes from Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant at 38%, 33% from hydro power plants, 22% from gas-fired power plants, and the remaining 7% from other renewable sources.[1] Similar figures are derived from reports published by Electric Networks of Armenia[31] - during the period of 01.01.2012 - 30.06.2017 breakdown of aggregated electricity supply was: nuclear - 35.8%, hydro - 35.6%, fossil gas - 28.5%.
The base loaded capacity is provided by the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, while the daily load regulation is provided by both the Sevan-Hrazdan Cascade and the Vorotan cascade hydropower plants. The aforementioned power plants are the primary domestic production energy sources while fossil fuel plants depend on imported gas.[32]
Nuclear power provides 38% of the electricity in Armenia through one operating nuclear reactor, Unit 2 of Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, which is a WWER-440 reactor with extra seismic reinforcement.[33] It was created in 1976 and is the only nuclear power plant in the South Caucasus. However, after the Spitak earthquake in 1988, the nuclear power plant''s operation was forced to stop,[34] becoming one of the causes of the Armenian energy crisis of 1990''s. The second unit of the NPP was restarted in October 1995, putting an end to the ''dark and cold years''.
While Armenia is the sole owner of the plant, the Russian company United Energy Systems (UES) manages the Metsamor NPP. Nuclear fuel must be flown in from Russia.
A modernization of NPP is scheduled for 2018, which will enhance the safety and increase installed capacity by 40-50 MW.[35]
Armenia also explores the possibilities of small modular reactor that would give flexibility and the opportunity to build a new nuclear power plant in a short time.[35]
Earlier it was reported that Armenia is looking for a new reactor with 1060 MW capacity in 2026.[36]
Armenia operates one Soviet-designed VVER-440 nuclear unit at Metsamor, which supplies over 40% of the country''s energy needs. The EU and Turkey have expressed concern about the continuing operation of the plant. The Armenian energy minister has announced that a US$2 billion feasibility study of a new 1,000 MWe nuclear power plant is to be carried out in cooperation with Russia, the United States and the IAEA. Russia has agreed to build the plant in return for minority ownership of it. Furthermore, the USA has signalled its commitment to help Armenia with preliminary studies.[needs update]
Armenia''s Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant has an installed capacity of 815 MW, though only one unit of 407.5 MW is currently in operation.[37]
Because Turkey, despite its WTO obligation, blockades Armenian borders, nuclear fuel is flown in from Russia.[38][clarification needed]Used fuel is sent back to Russia.[citation needed]
Armenia signed a cooperation agreement with the European Organization for Nuclear Research in March 1994.[39] Since 2018, Armenia has also signed a cooperation agreement with the European Atomic Energy Community.[40]
Metsamor nuclear power plant provides more than 40 percent of power in Armenia; however, it is aging and will need to be replaced soon. It has received much financing for modernizing its systems and safety features.[41] Russia has extended a loan of $270 million and a $30 million grant for extending the lifetime of Metsamor NPP in 2015, which will be coming to an end in 2016. The funds are to be provided for 15 years with a 5-year grace period and an interest rate of annually 3%.[42]
Plans for building a new nuclear power plant have been discussed. In July 2014, the energy minister of Russian Federation announced that Russia is willing to provide US$4.5 billion out of US$5 billion needed for construction of a new nuclear power plant.[43] In 2014, the construction of a new power plant was approved by the Armenian government, which was to be started in 2018.
During 2010–2017 thermal power plants (running on imported natural gas from Russia and Iran) provided about one-third of Armenia''s electricity.[44]
Thermal power plants (running on natural gas) in Armenia have an established capacity of 1,756 MW.[37]
The following table lists thermal power plants which together account for 24% of Armenia''s domestic electricity generation.[45]
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