Photovoltaic effect wikipedia

（：Photovoltaic effect）,,。,。,。,（PN）,,^[1]。

1839··^[2][3]。

,,（Photovoltaics；"photo-","voltaics"）,。。,：、、。,^[1]。

2010,。,,2004,60%。2009,21GW^{[2]；2021,940GW（547.7GW,58%；205.4GW,22%；161.8GW,17%；25.1GW,2.7%）[3],。,2009,34GW[2]。}

,、,,^{[4]。,,。,。}

（：Photovoltaic effect）,,。1839··^[5][6]。

,。,20％1000,200。。^[7]

1954,6%；1958,。,、,,。（：Thin film solar cell）（：Third generation solar cell）。。

、、；。^[8]

  。,。。,。

  201712,31%,3.5（）。。,。。,,^[9]。,,,。

  ,。,。,：,,, （）。。,,,,。,^{[10],[11],[12],[13]。}

（）,、1800℃。,,41g/kWh,^{[18]（20g/kWh）[19]2（11g/kWh）4。[18]、。,,；[18],；,,,。[18]}

, 、、、,。^[18]

、,,300^{[20]。,,,,。}

、、,,。2023,90%；,95%、,100%,。^[18],。

1977,76.67/。^[21]

2000,3.50/4.00/,2008,,,2.00/。50%,,。2011,1.00/,,。1.00/,。、。^{[22] Solarbuzz20113.50/20112.43/。[23] 2013,0.74/。[21] "",,,20%。 [21] "",1980201025%。,,201961%,2000。[24]}

,,。,20069.0020115.46。,3.45。,,2.24。,。^[25]

2012,0.50。^{[26],,,（""）。[22]}

,2011,（,）。^{[27] 2014,19。[28][29]}

（LCOE）,,。LCOE。^{[22] LCOE。[30][31] LCOE,,。[32] 2011,。[33][32],。[32] LCOE,。[22][32],LCOE。[34]}

,,,,（）。LCOE,,。^{[35][36] 。。[37]}

2017,0.05/,0.03/。^{[38] LCOE0.03。[39]}

The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, solid state, and quantum chemistry to draw inferences about the properties of atoms, molecules and solids. The effect has found use in electronic devices specialized for light detection and precisely timed electron emission.

When the photoelectron is emitted into a solid rather than into a vacuum, the term internal photoemission is often used, and emission into a vacuum is distinguished as external photoemission.

Even though photoemission can occur from any material, it is most readily observed from metals and other conductors. This is because the process produces a charge imbalance which, if not neutralized by current flow, results in the increasing potential barrier until the emission completely ceases. The energy barrier to photoemission is usually increased by nonconductive oxide layers on metal surfaces, so most practical experiments and devices based on the photoelectric effect use clean metal surfaces in evacuated tubes. Vacuum also helps observing the electrons since it prevents gases from impeding their flow between the electrodes.^{[citation needed]}

About Photovoltaic effect wikipedia

As the photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to evolve, advancements in Photovoltaic effect wikipedia have become critical to optimizing the utilization of renewable energy sources. From innovative battery technologies to intelligent energy management systems, these solutions are transforming the way we store and distribute solar-generated electricity.

When you're looking for the latest and most efficient Photovoltaic effect wikipedia for your PV project, our website offers a comprehensive selection of cutting-edge products designed to meet your specific requirements. Whether you're a renewable energy developer, utility company, or commercial enterprise looking to reduce your carbon footprint, we have the solutions to help you harness the full potential of solar energy.

By interacting with our online customer service, you'll gain a deep understanding of the various Photovoltaic effect wikipedia featured in our extensive catalog, such as high-efficiency storage batteries and intelligent energy management systems, and how they work together to provide a stable and reliable power supply for your PV projects.

Photovoltaic effect wikipedia [PDF Free Download] Chat with us

Related Contents

• Photovoltaic effect journal
• 19 kWh photovoltaic energy storage system solutions
• Uzbekistan photovoltaic pv systems
• Working of photovoltaic cell with diagram
• Solar thermal energy vs photovoltaic
• Photovoltaic pv systems venezuela
• Asuncion photovoltaic pv systems
• Photovoltaic pv systems northern cyprus
• Photovoltaic pv systems berne
• Crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells
• Specific photovoltaic power output
• Photovoltaic energy storage system 520 kWh