Russian nuclear energy giant Rosatom has acquired a 49% stake in Enertech International, a South Korean lithium-ion battery specialist, and has announced plans to build a gigafactory at an unspecified location in Russia. The start of production is scheduled for 2025. Contact online >>
Russian nuclear energy giant Rosatom has acquired a 49% stake in Enertech International, a South Korean lithium-ion battery specialist, and has announced plans to build a gigafactory at an unspecified location in Russia. The start of production is scheduled for 2025.
Russian state-owned Rosatom State Nuclear Energy (Rosatom) has acquired a 49% stake in South Korea-based lithium-ion battery manufacturer Enertech International.
Rosatom did not disclose the financial terms of the deal, but said that the agreement includes the construction of a 2 GWh storage system manufacturing facility at an unspecified location in Russia by 2030.
“The start of the first stage of production is scheduled for 2025,” Rosatom said. “Llithium-ion batteries made in Russia will be applied in electric vehicles (buses and cars), special equipment and in power grids.”
The new factory is expected to increase Rosatom''s production capacity and facilitate access to foreign markets.
“In addition, local manufacturing content in Russia means not just new technologies and products, but also new jobs,” said Natalia Nikipelova, president of TVEL Fuel Company (TVEL), which Rosatom set up in October to enter the energy storage business.
A Rosatom spokesperson told pv magazine at the time of TVEL''s establishment that the group''s enterprises have been developing energy storage products since 2018. "But now a special-purpose company is finally incorporated to develop this business systematically,” the spokesperson explained.
TVEL already produces module-type lithium-ion traction batteries for electric vehicles, as well as energy storage systems for emergency power supplies, renewable energy resources, and the smoothing of load demand.
The Russian state-owned conglomerate''s nuclear power plants currently cover around 20% of Russia''s total electricity demand.
More articles from Emiliano Bellini
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The explosive development of renewable energy in recent years is reshaping the geopolitical picture of the world. Solar panels and wind turbines have become the symbol of the new energy transition, while lithium-ion batteries have become its basis and the driver of development. It was lithium-ion batteries that made it possible to overcome the main problem of renewable energy – inconstancy and uncontrollability. The article highlights the lithium problem, the reasons for the volatility of lithium prices, the main sources of lithium and the difficulties of its production. In addition, the prospects of development of lithium industry in Russia and current domestic developments in lithium mining technology are considered.
Lithium electric current sources are also an integral part of portable electronics, electric vehicles, and self-driving vehicles that increasingly penetrate our lives. The optimal combination of performance characteristics and great prospects for improving lithium electric current sources allow us to confidently declare that the lithium boom will accompany us throughout the 21st century. Lithium is used not only in the production of batteries, but also in nuclear power industry, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, as well as in ceramics, glasses, lubricants, and air purification systems.
Structure of Lithium Consumption by Year.
Historical data on the price of Li2CO3 battery grade on the Shanghai Futures Exchange.
What is the reason for such high volatility of lithium prices despite the fact that lithium is a very common chemical element on Earth (the Clarke number of lithium is 3.2 × 10–3 wt %) and is not considered a rare element? The physicochemical properties of lithium compounds are both its advantage in practical applications and its disadvantage in mining processes. Lithium mining is a very difficult and non-trivial task for the following reasons:
— More than 90% of all lithium on Earth is in the world''s oceans and seawater currently unsuitable for lithium mining.
— The mining technologies are old, the lithium industry still being based on equipment and technologies of the last century.
— There is often a high content of elements similar in properties to lithium in raw materials, which is why the task of extracting lithium is like finding a needle in a haystack.
— A very limited selection of lithium-selective extractants and sorbents.
Problems in lithium mining, combined with high demand, are the cause of lithium shortage and allow, with some reservations, to discuss the problem of lithium mining on a par with the extraction of rare metals and with the separation processes of rare earth elements similar in properties.
The world''s lithium reserves amount to about 230 billion tons, while there are about 65 million tons in mineral resources, of which only 15 million tons are available for operation at the level of modern technologies and economic feasibility (Vikström H. et al., 2013). Lithium in hydromineral resources is estimated at 112 million tons, most of which consist of very poor raw materials bordering on seawater in their composition (Vikström H. et al., 2013).
In addition to mineral and hydromineral sources, a promising source of lithium is recycled raw materials formed mainly from spent lithium-ion batteries.
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