Airfoils, the cross-sectional shape of wind turbine blades, are the foundation of turbine blade designs. Generating lift and drag when they move through the air, airfoils play a key role in improving the aerodynamic performance and structural durability of a turbine's blades. Contact online >>
Airfoils, the cross-sectional shape of wind turbine blades, are the foundation of turbine blade designs. Generating lift and drag when they move through the air, airfoils play a key role in improving the aerodynamic performance and structural durability of a turbine''s blades.
The aerodynamic design of an airfoil significantly impacts blade airflow. The wind turbine blade is a 3D airfoil model that captures wind energy. Blade length and design affect how much electricity a wind turbine can generate. Blade curvature, twist, and pitch all affect performance and the profile of the airfoil has a direct effect.
In the present study, three new airfoils (EYO-Series) for small wind turbine applications were designed and tested in XFOIL for aerodynamic performance at Re = 300,000. The airfoils were subsequently used to develop and test 3-bladed 6 m diameter wind turbine rotors for power generation.
New airfoils developed at NREL substantially increase the aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine blades. The airfoil designs won a prestigious R&D 100 Award in 1991, and the Federal Laboratory Consortium Excellence in Technology Transfer Award in 1990. Nine families of airfoils have been developed.
To advance the design of a multimegawatt vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), application-specific airfoils need to be developed. In this research, airfoils are tailored for a VAWT with variable pitch. A genetic algorithm is used to optimise the airfoil shape considering a balance between the aerodynamic and structural performance of airfoils.
Schematic representation of laminar flow separation. a Subcritical flow regime. b Supercritical flow regime
Velocity streamlines for different flow regimes. a Short separation bubble (supercritical regime). b Long separation bubble (supercritical regime). c Unattached shear layer (subcritical regime)
The RG15 airfoil. a Theoretical profile. b Actual profile [14]
The theoretical profile of the RG15 airfoil was generated by means of the Eppler airfoil code, according to the following criteria:
Higher maximum lift than E180 airfoil.
Critical Reynolds number well below 100,000.
Higher absolute value of pitching moment than E180 airfoil.
Lower absolute value of pitching moment than E193 airfoil.
Relative airfoil thickness between 8.5 and 9.5%.
In addition, Fig. 3b illustrates the actual airfoil profile used during the experimental study at the UIUC low-turbulence subsonic wind tunnel [14].
The five thickened airfoils have been constructed in such a way that they have the same mean camber line (MCL) compared to the original RG15 airfoil (in order to retain its desirable aerodynamic characteristics), but an increased thickness-to-chord ratio distribution by 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% respectively, compared to the base airfoil design. The construction of the five thickened airfoils, which from now on will be denoted as RG15-(50), RG15-(40), RG15-(30), RG15-(20) and RG15-(10), was implemented by the utilization of Rhinoceros 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) application software, developed by Robert McNeel & Associates, as well as Grasshopper visual programming language, which runs within Rhinoceros.
Initially, the mean camber line of the original RG15 airfoil was calculated, by interpolating a smooth curve (blue line) through the centers (blue squares) of the inscribed circles (red circles) to the RG15 airfoil, as shown in Fig. 5 (standard procedure for calculating the MCL).
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