The financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education of Afghanistan is highly acknowledged. We appreciate also the invaluable comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers.
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DOI: https://doi /10.1007/s11629-021-7035-5
Approximately 70 percent of Afghanistan''s total power capacity of 1450 W is imported from the neighbouring countries. The country has limited indigenous sources of electricity. Afghanistan can greatly benefit from making the transition from non renewable energy to relying on renewable energy especially Solar energy.
Under this engagement, Core CarbonX has evaluated solar energy potential from rooftops in the city of Kabul. The study has also evaluated the carbon revenue potential from solar rooftop projects in Afghanistan. 300 Sunny days in a year with abundant free Solar irradiation to generate solar power and strong support from Government makes the country an attractive destination for setting up photovoltaic solar power projects.
The contribution of solar energy towards climate change mitigation and environmental stewardships were evaluated and showcased by associated carbon revenue that can help in bringing in potential external finance in the renewable energy sector in Afghanistan. Solar rooftop and grid-connected net-metering projects are encouraged and recommended due to the potential benefits of rooftop area, energy security, and generating clean and green energy.
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By: H.N Following the re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate in Afghanistan, initial expectations were that the regime would be short-lived, and that no foundational efforts would be made to advance Afghanistan from its current state toward a more prosperous future. Factors such as the freezing of reserves, the suspension of development aid, and attempts to […]
After the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001, Kabul became one of the fastest growing cities in the world with a ten-fold increase in population. Today, the city is home to over 4 million people. This growth, however, has led to an immense strain on urban planning efforts, public services and pressure on the environment. Kabul ranks among the highest cities worldwide for low air quality and pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 26% of deaths in Afghanistan are due to air pollution and environmental risks.
Afghanistan''s dry continental climate means that the summers are very hot and the winters very cold. Most homes are not adequately built for the sub-zero temperatures and, therefore, heating is a necessary and often costly consideration for most families. At the same time, Afghanistan benefits from almost 300 days of sun each year, opening up opportunities to capture solar energy, a tremendously attractive alternative to environmentally harmful and expensive fuels.
The EU SWITCH-Asia fundedKabul Green Homes Project,also supported by the French Development Agency, was implemented by Geres in Afghanistan and its local partners, Rural Movement Organization (RMO) and Afghanistan Microfinance Association (AMA), in order to tackle Kabul''s energy crisis by fostering the dissemination of energy saving solutions for private homes.
Given the substantial level of sunlight in Afghanistan, the energy saving solutions developed and promoted by the project team were based onpassive solar energy solutions. In order toensure the sustainability of this initiative even after the project''s completion, a viable value chain has been created between local afghan microfinance institutions, local producers, including retailers and small and medium-sized enterprises, and households.
Solutions packages have been designed intentionally to be simple, practical, and ones that could be implemented with building materials available in local markets, requiring little to no machinery. The first bioclimatic solutions proposed weresolar verandas, ones that Geres started developing in Ladakh, India, around 1990. Four solar veranda models have been proposed across the 15 districts of intervention in compliance with household typology (south orientation, absence of shade, presence of windows, size of the main wall) and value of the investment.
Roof thermal insulation solutionsalso helped address the issue of energy loss in traditional houses made of wooden beams and mud. To counter heat waste, this type of roof can easily host an extra layer of insulation. There are two types of insulation which can be used: glass wool and expanded polystyrene sheets. Double Glazed Windows are another method of optimising energy collection for large south facing windows. A second layer of glass with a vacuum between the 2 glasses drastically reduces heat waste.
In terms ofcooking solutions, oven caps were proposed to households that used an indoor oven in their kitchen for bakery, water boiling and even cooking without any exhaust pipe. This solution greatly reduced indoor smoke and improved heating and cooking efficiency. Solar cookers were also included as a viable solution.
Project achievements in a snapshot
The four year-project has demonstrated that there is a clear need among the urban population of Kabul, particularly in low-income areas, for improving living conditions. An overwhelming majority of respondents who joined the studies conducted in the context of this project said they wanted the dissemination of energy saving solutions to continue as they believe these meet their needs.
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