To address these issues, a Clean Air Action Plan outlines the following actions:
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Anatoly Shevchenko, expert on energy efficiency. Photo: personal archive
In Kyrgyzstan, about 90% of electricity is produced in a clean, environmentally friendly way and the country uses it for 70 tyiyn (0.008 USD) per 1 kW. At the same time, thermal energy is generated in coal-fired boilers, which emit large volumes of polluted air into the atmosphere. In the winter of 2019, Bishkek has become the one of the worlds'' most polluted cities, which obviously has a negative impact on public health. Experts note that decisive action by the authorities is needed, otherwise the growth of respiratory diseases among the population cannot be avoided. The UNDP team sees the solution to the problem in modernizing the heating system and adopting modern technical standards for supplying and saving energy.
In 2019, the UNDP team upgraded classroom lighting systems for several schools in Bishkek. Fluorescent lamps were replaced by LED fixtures that consumed much less electricity and were safer for eyes. This event was part of a large initiative to improve energy efficiency and sanitary conditions in educational institutions, as well as to address environmental problems associated with air pollution less than a year, the UNDP team together with an invited expert from the database of Russian experts, developed a pilot program for 23 budget-funded educational and health care institutions.
The database of Russian experts for international development has been established as a part of theKnowledge management and capacity building in Russia-UNDP Partnership Projectwith a view to facilitating the involvement of Russian experts in the implementation of development programs around the world.
Anatoly Shevchenko, an energy efficiency specialist, shared his views:
It should be noted that about 80% of buildings in Kyrgyzstan are heated with coal, which makes an additional "contribution" to air pollution and is not an efficient use of budget funds. With this in mind, the developed pilot program, if successfully implemented, may cover all budget buildings of the country in the future.
The most typical building for schools of Bishkek. Photo: UNDP Kyrgyzstan
How modernization of energy equipment will help reduce air pollution
The developed technical concept is planned to reconstruct lighting, heating and ventilation systems, thereby improving the sanitary conditions of 23 facilities in Bishkek. The experts said that such comprehensive renovation has a significant advantage in terms of economic efficiency and improving the microclimate, compared to the modernization of only one system - either lighting, heating or ventilation.
Public buildings and their heating system. Photo: UNDP Kyrgyzstan
"Kyrgyzstan has great energy potential, but measures must be taken here and now"
The transition to energy efficient systems has become a challenge for Kyrgyzstan on its way towards sustainable development. Although the country is rich in natural resources, the water level in the largest reservoirs has been decreasing for several years. At the same time, the technical condition of hydropower plants remains at the same level as it was many years ago. Specialists see energy saving as a way to reduce the economy''s dependence on reservoirs and to avoid purchasing expensive electricity from abroad. Released energy and financial resources can be used for developing medium, small businesses and other sectors.
The population should play an important role in promoting energy saving. It is in households that a huge potential lies, which can be realized through educating the population and promoting a careful attitude towards energy resources.
Therefore, it is necessary to move towards energy saving and start from the budget sphere, where the government has all the capabilities to regulate and provide financing. Of course, there are factors that can potentially prevent this. For example, the cheapness of electricity. Its price does not yet cover the costs needed to modernize power-consuming equipment. The way out of the current situation may be the abovementioned comprehensive approach, when equipment modernization is covered by reducing electricity consumption and saving fuel and operating costs.
These approaches may be new to Kyrgyzstan, but they can reduce energy consumption and improve the reliability of energy supply, which in turn will have a positive impact on the sustainable development of the country''s economy and improve the quality of air we breathe every day.
Anatoly Shevchenko, UNDP Kyrgyzstan''s Consultant, shared his thoughts for this material.He is an UNDP international consultant, has been working in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Community and the CIS, has been working on energy saving for more than 20 years, and graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after M.V. Lomonosov. He graduated from Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University after R.E. Alekseev and is an electrical engineer.
This event is one of the stages of global efforts within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and other areas. The purpose of the event was to provide a platform for regular dialogue on energy-related challenges between the EU and Central Asia to promote international cooperation in the field of energy.
"Climate change is one of the major contemporary challenges that threaten food production and energy security. It is necessary to take into account the huge water and energy potential and the potential of renewable energy sources in the Kyrgyz Republic. By launching projects, it is possible to achieve efficient use of water resources in the region, considering the generation of clean energy." – said Doskul Bekmurzaev, Minister of Energy and Industry of the Kyrgyz Republic. He also added that there is a process of improving the legal framework to improve the investment climate in the country, which provides preferential terms for all investors in the development of renewable energy sources.
In turn, Laura Altinger, UNDP Regional Team Leader for Nature Climate Energy, Europe and CIS region, noted that this discussion is a very long-awaited and timely event: "Delivering on Sustainable Development Goal 7 has never been so pressing, especially against the backdrop of climate change and our climate targets under the Paris Agreement. The energy sector accounts for at least two-thirds of global GHG emissions. Today, the Central Asia region has comparatively high energy and carbon intensity of production, facilitated by still-high fossil fuel subsidies. Improving energy efficiency in all sectors will be the largest contribution to lower energy use and decarbonization in the region."
The ideas and objectives of the site are consonant with the agenda of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26), which is being held in Glasgow, UK. It is planned to establish a regular dialogue on energy-related issues between the EU and Central Asia to promote international energy cooperation by:
– Discussing the current state of play of sustainable energy and regional energy integration in Central Asia;
– Identifying specific challenges, the countries face in advancing sustainable energy;
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