Clean Energy Nepal is implementing a project entitled “Building Resilience and Climate Adaptive Planning in Urban Centers of Nepal” in two municipalities of Mid-Western Nepal. The Main objective of the project is; urban centers of Nepal become people-centered and resilient to climate ext Contact online >>
Clean Energy Nepal is implementing a project entitled “Building Resilience and Climate Adaptive Planning in Urban Centers of Nepal” in two municipalities of Mid-Western Nepal. The Main objective of the project is; urban centers of Nepal become people-centered and resilient to climate extremes and disasters.
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Nepal, which had been facing power cuts until some years back, is now not only in a position to meet the domestic demand for power, but also capable enough to export power during monsoon.
Ninety-eight per cent of electricity in Nepal is produced from hydropower and other renewable energy sources. Nepal produces 2,200 megawatts power from these sources at present while power plants with the capacity of generating total 5,000 megawatts are under construction.
With significant use of the clean energy, Nepal will be reducing the amount of domestic emission of greenhouse gases in the South Asia region as well.
Last year at COP26, the Government of Nepal announced its target of net-zero carbon emission by 2045. However, the mainstay of Nepal's energy sector is traditional biomass and imported fossil fuels which have adverse impacts on the environment, health, and the national economy.
Therefore, Nepal can achieve its long-term strategy for net-zero emission goal only if there is major shift in energy use from traditional biomass and imported fossil fuel to clean energy sources because the energy sector is the largest contributor to Nepal's total carbon dioxide (CO2) emission accounting for 54 per cent of total emission.
Hydropower plays a predominant role in Nepal's electricity system. However, variability in hydropower generation in Nepal is a major challenge. There is surplus electricity generation during the wet season and insufficient electricity generation and/or significant electricity import from India during dry season.
Smoothening Nepal's electricity generation curve, meeting Nepal's rising electricity demand and exporting surplus electricity are major policy challenges facing hydropower development in Nepal.
Nepal can rapidly shift from polluting energy sources to cleaner electricity to reduce its GHG emission as well as to reduce its economic vulnerability as 98 per cent of its electricity generation already comes from hydropower and other renewable energy sources.
Besides domestic emission reduction, Nepal can offset GHG emission in the South Asian region by exporting its significant clean electricity generation.
A version of this article appears in the print on November 16, 2022 of The Himalayan Times.
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Nepal is moving on the path of transition to electric energy from its dependence on fossil fuels at a relatively fast pace.
"We have made a national commitment to reach the scene of net zero greenhouse gas emission by 2045, however, it is easier said than done," said Deuba, speaking at the Sustainable Infrastructure Investment Forum 2022 on Wednesday, organised by Investment Board Nepal in Kathmandu.
Net zero is a target of completely negating the number of greenhouse gases produced by human activity, to be achieved by reducing emissions and implementing methods of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
According to a report, for a country like Nepal, financial strains are major problems. Implementing measures to offset any and all carbon emissions to achieve net zero emissions would cost an estimated $43 billion over 2021‑30, which is equivalent to nearly 10 percent of GDP in average yearly financing requirement terms.
Cutting carbon emissions to net-zero and building resilience against the physical impacts of climate change is ''Goal 13'' of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals.
"According to the pre-pandemic estimates, Nepal will require around $19 billion financing to achieve the development goals," said Deuba.
"We also have plans to graduate from the LDCs category by December 2026, but the graduation will not be smooth, sustainable and irreversible without the structural transformation of our economy," he said. "So, in this context, investment in infrastructure from the private sector and foreign investors is more important."
Opportunities for public-private-partnership must be further explored and utilised, Investment Board said.
The board has already approved an accumulated investment of around $9 billion for 33 projects. Out of this investment, 20 are related to the development of clean energy.
Nepal needs more funds to address the increasing climate vulnerability, speakers said on Wednesday.
Despite having a minimal contribution to global carbon emission, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to the effect of climate change, they said.
"In Nepal, the share of electricity in energy consumption is only 4 percent," said Narayan Prasad Adhikari, director of the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre. "While the traditional biomass covers almost 68 percent of the consumption, the share of imported petroleum products stands at around 25 percent."
"We need to replace the traditional biomass usage and reduce consumption of petroleum products."
Despite the increase in electricity consumption, Nepal Electricity needs to work to provide reliable electricity, speakers said.
Though the consumption of electricity has increased in recent years, there is still a considerable demand gap, said Adhikari.
"The electricity consumption increased by 20 percent in Nepal in the last five years," said Kulman Ghising, managing director of Nepal Electricity Authority. "Solar is complementing hydro in Nepal," said Ghising. "We already have 54MW of solar energy and 60MW more is under construction."
The involvement of the private sector in the infrastructure development for renewable energy usage can be instrumental, said Vishnu Prasad Agrawal, president of the Confederation of Nepalese Industries.
"Investments can be brought by involving private sectors in the development of charging stations for electric vehicles," said Agrawal.
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